Resources

AEPD (Spain) – EXP202315853 against Ibercaja Banco

Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

UK’s New Data Use Bill: Easier Access and Enhanced Privacy for All

Local Laws

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (7/4/2024)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (5/14/2024)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-EXPLOTACIONES HOSTELERAS Y DE OCIO ALBACETEÑAS, S.L. (6/7/2024)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (5/28/2024)

Data minimisation, Principles

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Azienda Socio-sanitaria Territoriale Rhodense (5/23/2024)

Accuracy, Data Subjects Rights

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Homeowners’ association (6/26/2024)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (6/5/2024)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-20 AÑOS DE MÚSICA A.I.E. (6/17/2024)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-DQG NORTE A.I.E (6/13/2024)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-VOX ESPAÑA (5/24/2024)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Rețele Electrice Muntenia SA. (6/25/2024)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Rețele Electrice Dobrogea SA (6/25/2024)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (4/12/2024)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A. (6/12/2024)

Accuracy, Principles

French Data Protection Authority (CNIL)-Company (6/5/2024)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-EUROBOX S.A. (6/5/2024)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Restaurant owner (3/25/2024)

Data minimisation, Principles

Austrian Data Protection Authority (dsb)-Website operator (1/4/2024)

Administratives Measures, Data Subjects Rights, Liability and Remedies, Right to Erasure

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-IRIDEX GROUP SALUBRIZARE SRL (5/9/2024)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-MEDICOVER SRL (5/9/2024)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-CENTRUL MEDICAL UNIREA SRL (5/8/2024)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-AIO E-COMMERCE, S.L. (10/26/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-VODAFONE ESPAÑA, S.A.U. (4/5/2024)

Accuracy, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (3/15/2024)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Cypriot Data Protection Commissioner-Bank of Cyprus Public Company Ltd. (7/15/1905)

Accuracy, Principles

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-VESTA CEU ROMÂNIA SRL. (2/26/2024)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (8/23/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (11/30/2023)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Oney Servicios Financieros E.F.C. (10/23/2023)

Accuracy, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-UNIPREX, S.A. (12/1/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

French Data Protection Authority (CNIL)-AMAZON FRANCE LOGISTIQUE (1/23/2024)

Controllers and Processors, Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles, Representative

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-TITAN STRONG, S.L. (12/17/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Store owner (11/7/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Homeowners’ association (11/3/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (11/21/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Veranda Obor S.A. (12/11/2023)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (10/23/2023)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (10/19/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (11/20/2023)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (11/22/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (11/24/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Eurocollege Oxford English Institute S.L. (11/17/2023)

Controllers and Processors, Data minimisation, Principles, Representative, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-APOLLONIA TOPCO, S.L. (11/2/2023)

Controllers and Processors, Data minimisation, Principles, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Hellenic Data Protection Authority (HDPA)-Unknown (10/11/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Cez Vânzare S.A. (10/2/2023)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-UNIQUE HOTEL APARTMENT S.L. (10/18/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Hotel (11/3/2023)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (11/6/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Mednow Medical Center di Giugni Marco (8/31/2023)

Accuracy, Data Subjects Rights, Principles, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (10/11/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (10/15/2023)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-BILBAO AD INFINITUM, S.L. (10/25/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-EUROPA PRESS DE CATALUNYA, S.A. (9/26/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

French Data Protection Authority (CNIL)-SAF LOGISTICS (9/18/2023)

Controllers and Processors, Cooperation with Supervisory Authorithy, Data minimisation, Principles, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (10/5/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Cypriot Data Protection Commissioner-Breikot Management Ltd (7/15/1905)

Controllers and Processors, Data minimisation, Principles, Representative

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (10/9/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (10/9/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (9/19/2023)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (9/19/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Data Protection Authority of Ireland-TikTok Limited (9/1/2023)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (9/21/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (9/25/2023)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-MÁRMOLES Y GRANITOS MEJIAS, S. L. (8/16/2023)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (8/11/2023)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (8/30/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (8/30/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (8/1/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (7/27/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-ODRIA COSTAS INTERNACIONAL, S.L. (8/8/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-GYMOOGIMNASIOS S.L. (8/2/2023)

Controllers and Processors, Data minimisation, Data Protection Officer (DPO), Principles

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-ING Bank NV Amsterdam Sucursala București (7/18/2023)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Data Protection Authority of Ireland-Irish Departement of Health (6/16/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles, Representative, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (7/24/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (7/25/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (7/7/2023)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-LISMARTSA, S.L. (3/30/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-CBHNOS S.L. (5/29/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (7/20/2023)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (7/20/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Benetton Group S.r.l. (4/27/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles, Sensitive Data, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (6/30/2023)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-EXPLOTACIONES HOSTELERAS Y DE OCIO ALBACETEÑAS, S.L. (7/4/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (6/23/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Corporación de Medios de Extremadura (6/22/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Sociedad Vascongada de Publicaciones, S.A. (6/22/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Artima S.A. (6/15/2023)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (6/14/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

French Data Protection Authority (CNIL)-KG COM (6/8/2023)

Data minimisation, Lawfulness of Processing, Principles, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (6/20/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (6/8/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (5/25/2023)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (6/2/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Data Protection Commissioner of Malta-Unknown (7/12/1905)

Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Data Protection Commissioner of Malta-Unknown (7/12/1905)

Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Data Protection Commissioner of Malta-Unknown (7/12/1905)

Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (5/9/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-DISPLAY CONNECTORS, S.L. (2/22/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-BANQUETES SANTA ANA, S.L. (5/3/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Cypriot Data Protection Commissioner-Πολίτης newspaper (1/16/2023)

Controllers and Processors, Data minimisation, Principles, Representative

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (4/25/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-ORANGE ESPAGNE S.A.U. (3/16/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (4/13/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Data Protection Authority of Bremen-Company (7/14/1905)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-ATRESMEDIA CORPORACIÓN DE MEDIOS DE COMUNICACIÓN, S.A. (4/3/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-20 MINUTOS EDITORA, S.L. (4/3/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE RADIODIFUSIÓN, S.L. (3/21/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-LA VANGUARDIA EDICIONES, S.L. (3/21/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-DIARIO ABC, S.L. (3/21/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-CONECTA5 TELECINCO, S.A.U. (3/21/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-DISPLAY CONNECTORS, S.L. (3/21/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-EL DIARIO DE PRENSA DIGITAL SL. (3/21/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-EDITORIAL DE PRENSA CANARIA, S.A. (3/21/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-TITANIA COMPAÑÍA EDITORIAL, S.L. (3/21/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-UNIDAD EDITORIAL INFORMACION GENERAL S.L.U. (3/21/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Tinmar Energy SA (3/14/2023)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Centrul Medical dr. Furtună Dan (3/16/2023)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Med Life S.A. (3/16/2023)

Controllers and Processors, Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Alianța pentru Unirea Românilor (3/15/2023)

Controllers and Processors, Data minimisation, Principles, Representative

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (3/15/2023)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (3/14/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

French Data Protection Authority (CNIL)-CITYSCOOT (3/16/2023)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (2/21/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (2/21/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (2/21/2023)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

National Commission for Data Protection (CNPD)-Company (7/22/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (2/21/2023)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Belgian Data Protection Authority (APD)-Company (8/23/2022)

Accuracy, Controllers and Processors, Principles, Representative, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-MIRACLE IBIZA S.L. (2/3/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (1/31/2023)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (1/31/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-TECNO MOTOR LA MUELA, S.L.L (1/20/2023)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (1/27/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (1/16/2023)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (1/20/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Apă Canal Ilfov SA (1/4/2023)

Controllers and Processors, Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-BRISTOL LOGISTICS SA (1/12/2023)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (12/28/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (1/10/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (1/9/2023)

Data minimisation, Principles

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Areti spa (11/24/2022)

Accountability, Accuracy, Data Subjects Rights, Principles, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (12/20/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Medicover S.R.L. (11/24/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (11/29/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-LORENT 2013, S.L (12/3/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Homeowners Association (12/3/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Association for the prevention and study of crimes, abuses and negligence in information technology and advanced communications (APEDANICA) (11/25/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (11/10/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Homeowners Association (11/10/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (11/21/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Company (10/24/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (10/24/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (10/17/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (10/20/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Homeowners Association (10/4/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (9/23/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-CLUB NATACIO LLEIDA (9/28/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Realmedia Network SA (9/8/2022)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (9/13/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (9/13/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (9/9/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-EURO DONER KEBAB (9/9/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Store owner (9/4/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (9/16/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (9/4/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (7/15/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-SC Raiffeisen Bank SA (9/9/2022)

Accuracy, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (8/22/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-SMART ELECTRIC SOLUTIONS, S.L. (7/12/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Sindicato Intersectorial Trabajadores/as Provincia de Alicante (8/30/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-SERVICIOS PROFESIONALES LA PARADA S.L. (8/25/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (8/12/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Information Commissioner of Isle of Man-Manx Care Ltd (7/13/2022)

Accountability, Controllers and Processors, Data minimisation, Principles, Sensitive Data, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-JOYPAZAR, S.A. (7/12/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Restaurant owner (8/8/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (8/8/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (8/3/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Data Protection Authority of Niedersachsen-Electronics store (7/13/1905)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Data Protection Authority of Saxony-Private individual (7/13/1905)

Data minimisation, Principles

National Commission for Data Protection (CNPD)-Company (6/22/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private Person (7/27/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

French Data Protection Authority (CNIL)-UBEEQO INTERNATIONAL (7/7/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (8/1/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (7/19/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Region of Tuscany (5/26/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles, Representative

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (7/5/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-ASOCIACIÓN DE AFICIONADOS Y PEQUEÑOS ACCIONISTAS UNIDAD HERCULANA (7/6/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private Individual (7/1/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-CORPORACIÓN DE RADIO Y TELEVISIÓN ESPAÑOLA S.A. (6/23/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-RADIO TELEVISION MADRID, S.A. (6/23/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private Individual (7/1/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Deputy Data Protection Ombudsman-Otavamedia Oy (5/9/2022)

Data minimisation

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Azienda Sanitaria Locale Roma (5/26/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles, Representative

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-S.C. Wine Point S.R.L. (6/15/2022)

Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-SC Interactions Marketing SRL (6/20/2022)

Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (6/9/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-SCOTCH CORNER BAR (6/16/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Data minimisation, Principles, Representative

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-LODEJU, S.L. (6/3/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (5/20/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-CORON ISLAND SLU (5/31/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (6/1/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (6/3/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Bar owner (5/11/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (5/12/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Homeowners Association (5/11/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

National Commission for Data Protection (CNPD)-Café owner (2/2/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (5/17/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Norwegian Supervisory Authority (Datatilsynet)-Lillestrøm Municipality (2/2/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract, Principles, Representative

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (4/27/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Belgian Data Protection Authority (APD)-Brussels Airport Zaventem (4/4/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles, Representative

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Hotel operator (2/22/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-WORLDWIDE CLASSIC CARS NETWORK S.L. (2/23/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Icelandic data protection authority (‘Persónuvernd’)-Hörpu tónlistar- og ráðstefnuhúss ohf. (3/8/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Data minimisation, Principles, Representative

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-PINTODIS, S.L. (2/7/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Università Telematica Internazionale Uninettuno (12/16/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Private club ‘Ruian’ (1/27/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private person (2/18/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Data Protection Authority of Hamburg-Restaurant (7/12/1905)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private person (2/4/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Cafe operator (2/7/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Data Protection Authority of Hamburg-Company (7/12/1905)

Definitions, Joint Controllers

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-INCOPROSOL, S.L. (1/31/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Data Protection Authority of Saarland-Restaurant (7/12/1905)

Data minimisation, Principles

Data Protection Authority of Baden-Wuerttemberg-Restaurant (11/1/2019)

Data minimisation, Principles

National Commission for Data Protection (CNPD)-Unknown (12/1/2021)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

National Commission for Data Protection (CNPD)-Unknown (11/9/2021)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Property Owner Community (1/21/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Property Owner Community (1/11/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (1/13/2022)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (1/14/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (1/17/2022)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-LA OFICINA BAR (12/23/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Telekom Romania Communications SA (12/6/2021)

Access Requests (DSAR), Accountability, Accuracy, Data Subjects Rights, Principles, Sensitive Data

Norwegian Supervisory Authority (Datatilsynet)-Norwegian State Pension Fund (SPK) (11/24/2021)

Consent, Data minimisation, Lawfulness of Processing, Principles, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-IZA OBRAS Y PROMOCIONES, S.A. (12/14/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (12/17/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Neighborhood community (11/30/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-DAVISER SERVICIOS, S.L. (11/30/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-ASOCIACIÓN ESPAÑOLA PARA LA ENSEÑANZA ONLINE (11/30/2021)

Data Subjects Rights, Right to Erasure

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-ASOCIACIÓN ESPAÑOLA PARA LA ENSEÑANZA ONLINE (11/30/2021)

Data Subjects Rights, Right to Erasure

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private Individual (11/15/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles

French Data Protection Authority (CNIL)-Régie autonome des transports parisiens (11/4/2021)

Accountability, Controllers and Processors, Data minimisation, Principles, Representative, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Vodafone România SA (11/14/2021)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

National Commission for Data Protection (CNPD)-Unknown (10/6/2021)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Store owner (10/4/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles

Hellenic Data Protection Authority (HDPA)-Rhodes Municipal Transport Company (9/3/2021)

Access Requests (DSAR), Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-AMPUDIA DIAZ, S.L. (9/4/2021)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Frigorifica Botana S.L. (9/16/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private Individual (7/30/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Owners Association (8/26/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles

Hungarian National Authority for Data Protection and the Freedom of Information (NAIH)-Magyar Telekom Nyrt. (6/18/2021)

Accuracy, Controllers and Processors, Data Subjects Rights, Principles, Representative

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-PODEMOS PARTIDO POLÍTICO (7/27/2021)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Owners Association (7/27/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Owners Association (7/27/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles

Deputy Data Protection Ombudsman-Higher Education Institution (7/5/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles, Representative

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private Individual (8/5/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private Individual (7/27/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Aparcamiento Arcusa S.L.U. (7/9/2021)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Homeowners Association (7/7/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Mercadona S.A. (7/26/2021)

Controllers and Processors, Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles, Representative, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-UNIVERSIDAD A DISTANCIA DE MADRID, S.A. (7/29/2021)

Data Subjects Rights, Right to Erasure

National Commission for Data Protection (CNPD)-Unknown (6/11/2021)

Controllers and Processors, Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles, Sensitive Data, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

National Commission for Data Protection (CNPD)-Unknown (6/11/2021)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

National Commission for Data Protection (CNPD)-Unknown (6/29/2021)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-TNT EXPRESS WORLDWIDE SPAIN, S.L. (6/22/2021)

Accuracy, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Creator Energy S.L. (6/4/2021)

Performance of Contract

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private Individual (5/27/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Homeowners Association (5/21/2021)

Data minimisation

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Radiotelevisión del principado de Asturias (6/7/2021)

Data minimisation

National Commission for Data Protection (CNPD)-Unknown (5/12/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles, Sensitive Data

National Commission for Data Protection (CNPD)-Unknown (5/12/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles

National Commission for Data Protection (CNPD)-Unknown (5/12/2021)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

National Commission for Data Protection (CNPD)-Unknown (5/12/2021)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Alava Norte, S.L. (5/25/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles

Deputy Data Protection Ombudsman-ParkkiPate Oy (4/21/2021)

Data minimisation

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private Individual (4/22/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles

Czech Data Protection Auhtority (UOOU)-Unknown (7/12/1905)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Pagamastarde S.L. (4/27/2021)

Data Subjects Rights, Right to Erasure

Norwegian Supervisory Authority (Datatilsynet)-Asker Municipality (3/15/2021)

Controllers and Processors, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract, Principles, Representative, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Czech Data Protection Auhtority (UOOU)-Ski rental company (7/12/1905)

Consent, Controllers and Processors, Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Principles, Representative

Hellenic Data Protection Authority (HDPA)-Ιγνατιάδης Νικόλαος και ΣΙΑ Ε.Ε. (4/7/2020)

Controllers and Processors, Data minimisation, Principles, Representative

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private Individual (4/15/2021)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Pub owner (4/19/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles

Norwegian Supervisory Authority (Datatilsynet)-Ålesund Municipality (3/15/2021)

Controllers and Processors, Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA), Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Belgian Data Protection Authority (APD)-School (3/15/2021)

Controllers and Processors, Data minimisation, Principles, Representative

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Laboratorio Octogón, S.L. (3/23/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private Person (3/12/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-I-DE Redes Eléctricas Inteligentes, S.A.U (3/2/2021)

Performance of Contract, Principles, Purpose limitation, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Ripobruna 207, S.L. (2/12/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles

Hungarian National Authority for Data Protection and the Freedom of Information (NAIH)-Unknown (12/16/2020)

Controllers and Processors, Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles, Representative, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private Person (2/4/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private Person (2/8/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Iberdrola Clientes (2/3/2021)

Accuracy, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Alterna Operador Integral S.L. (1/21/2021)

Performance of Contract

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Individual (1/20/2021)

Data minimisation, Principles

Hungarian National Authority for Data Protection and the Freedom of Information (NAIH)-Unknown (11/18/2020)

Accuracy, Principles

French Data Protection Authority (CNIL)-Perfomeclic (12/7/2020)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles, Right to Object, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Vodafone España, S.A.U. (1/4/2021)

Accuracy, Principles, Sensitive Data

Hungarian National Authority for Data Protection and the Freedom of Information (NAIH)-Robinson Tours Ltd. (Robinson Tours Idegenforgalmi és Szolgáltató Kft.) (12/16/2020)

Controllers and Processors, Data Breaches, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract, Principles, Privacy by Design

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A. (12/21/2020)

Accuracy, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Homeowners Association (11/16/2020)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Play Orenes, S.L. (10/28/2020)

Data minimisation, Principles

Lithuanian Data Protection Authority (VDAI)-Vilnius City Municipality Administration (10/21/2020)

Accuracy, Controllers and Processors, Principles, Representative

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Café Restaurante B.B.B (10/9/2020)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private Person (10/9/2020)

Controllers and Processors, Data minimisation, Principles, Representative

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Restaurant (8/5/2020)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Property Owner (6/9/2020)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Property Owner (6/9/2020)

Data minimisation, Principles

Data Protection Authority of Saarland-Restaurant (7/11/1905)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Casa Gracio Operation (2/25/2020)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Megastar SL (12/10/2019)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Sports Bar (11/19/2019)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Employer (7/11/1905)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Employer (7/11/1905)

Data minimisation, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-AMADOR RECREATIVOS, S.L (7/11/1905)

Data minimisation, Principles

Hellenic Data Protection Authority (HDPA)-Telecommunication Service Provider (10/7/2019)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-UTTIS INDUSTRIES SRL (10/17/2019)

Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Principles

Data Protection Authority of Sweden-School in Skellefteå (8/20/2019)

Controllers and Processors, Data minimisation, Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA), Principles, Sensitive Data

Belgian Data Protection Authority (APD)-Merchant (9/17/2019)

Data minimisation, Principles

French Data Protection Authority (CNIL)-Employer UNIONTRAD COMPANY (6/13/2019)

Controllers and Processors, Data minimisation, Data Subjects Rights, Principles, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Vodafone España, S.A.U. (Unknown)

Accuracy, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Vodafone España, S.A.U. (Unknown)

Accuracy, Principles

Hungarian National Authority for Data Protection and the Freedom of Information (NAIH)-Bank (2/8/2019)

Accuracy, Principles

Hungarian National Authority for Data Protection and the Freedom of Information (NAIH)-Unnamed financial institution (3/4/2019)

Controllers and Processors, Data Subjects Rights, Principles, Purpose limitation, Representative, Right to Erasure

Press Release No 166/24 on Judgment of the Court in Case C-446/21 CJEU

Data minimisation, Lawfulness of Processing, Principles

Case C-446/21 CJEU

Data minimisation, Lawfulness of Processing, Principles

Report and Guidance on Privacy in Social Network Services – ”Rome Memorandum” by International Working Group on Data Protection in Telecommunications

Definitions, Processing of personal data

Opinion 04/2024 on the notion of main establishment of a controller in the Union under Article 4(16)(a) GDPR |EPDB

Definitions, Main Establishment

Case C‑740/22

Definitions, Personal Data

Case C‑604/22

Joint Controllers, Personal Data

PRESS RELEASE No 20/24 | Case C-118-22

Data Subjects Rights, Right to Erasure

Case C 683-2021

Data Controller, Data Processors, Joint Controllers

Press Release No 184-23 by the CJEU

Controllers and Processors, Joint Controllers, Liability and Remedies, Supervisory Authorities

Case C-101/01

Data Transfers, Definitions, Principles, Processing of personal data, Sensitive Data

C-460/20

Data Subjects Rights, Right to Erasure, Search Engines, Specific processing situations

One-Stop-Shop thematic case digest: RIGHT TO OBJECTAND RIGHT TO ERASURE

Data Subjects Rights, Right to Erasure, Right to Object

C-272/19

Access Requests (DSAR), Data Controller, Data Subjects Rights, Definitions

C-507/17

Data Subjects Rights, Right to Erasure, Territorial Scope

C-136/17

Data Subjects Rights, Principles, Right to Erasure, Search Engines, Sensitive Data, Specific processing situations

C-129/21

Consent, Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Right to Erasure

C-252/21

Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract, Principles, Sensitive Data

C-268/21

Data minimisation, Principles

Case C-60/22

Accountability, Controllers and Processors, Joint Controllers, Principles

Case C‑461/22 CURIA

Data Controller, Definitions

Case C-394/23, Mousse: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Conseil d’État (France) lodged on 28 June 2023 — Association Mousse v Commission nationale de l’informatique et des libertés (CNIL), SNCF Connect

Definitions, Processing of personal data

ENFORCEMENT ADVISORY NO. 2024-01 APPLYING DATA MINIMIZATION TO CONSUMER REQUESTS BY CALIFORNIA PRIVACY PROTECTION AGENCY

Data minimisation, Principles

Today’s and tomorrow’s means of payment facing the challenge of data protection by CNIL

Definitions, Processing of personal data

EditorsTrends in Data Protection and Encryption Technologies by SpringerProfessional

Definitions, New technology, Processing of personal data

PRACTICE GUIDE SECURITY OF PERSONAL DATA Version 2024 by CNIL

Definitions, Personal Data

Opinion 39/2021 on whether Article 58(2)(g) GDPR could serve as a legal basis for a supervisory authority to order ex officio the erasure of personal data, in a situation where such request was not submitted by the data subject |EPDB

Data Controller, Data Subjects Rights, Definitions

Fashion ID, 29 July 2019, C-40/17, ECLI:EU:C:2019:629

Data Controller, Data Processors

Unabhängiges Landeszentrum für Datenschutz Schleswig-Holstein v Wirtschaftsakademie Schleswig-Holstein GmbH, in the presence of Facebook Ireland Ltd (Case C-210/16).

Data Controller

Nowak (C-434/16, EU:C:2017:994)

Personal Data

Patrick Breyer v. Germany Case C-582/14, 12 May 2016

Consent, Personal Data

Prokuratuur (Conditions of access to data relating to electronic communications) (C-746/18, EU:C:2021:152)

Law Enforcement, Local Laws

Weltimmo s.r.o. v. Nemzeti Adatvédelmi és Információszabadság Hatóság [2015] Case C-230/14, 1 October 2015

Main Establishment

What is Personal Data | UK ICO

Personal Data

Guidelines 07/2020 on the concepts of controller and processor in the GDPR

Data Controller, Data Processors, Definitions

Guidelines 2/2019 on the processing of personal data under Article 6(1)(b) GDPR in the context of the provision of online services to data subjects

Performance of Contract

Guidelines 5/2019 on the criteria of the Right to be Forgotten in the search engines cases under the GDPR

Right to Erasure

Guidelines 1/2018 on certification and identifying certification criteria in accordance with Articles 42 and 43 of the Regulation

Certification

Guidelines 4/2018 on the accreditation of certification bodies under Article 43 of the General Data Protection Regulation (2016/679)

Certification

Guidelines 07/2022 on certification as a tool for transfers

Certification

Addictive patterns in the processing of personal data Implications for data protection by AEPD

Definitions, Processing of personal data

Tele2 Sverige AB v. Post-och telestyrelsen and Secretary of State for the Home Department v. Tom Watson and others Joined Cases C-203/15 and C-698/15

Data minimisation

Big Brother Watch and others v United Kingdom (Applications nos 58170/13, 62322/14 and 24960/15), 25 May 2021.

Data minimisation

A Guide to UK GDPR Principles | UK ICO

Accountability, Accuracy, Data minimisation, Integrity and confidentiality, Lawfulness of Processing, Principles, Purpose limitation, Storage limitation, Transparency

A Guide to Lawful Basis | UK ICO

Consent, Lawfulness of Processing, Legal Obligation, Legitimate Interest, Performance of Contract, Public Interests, Vital Interests