Resources

Decision of 19 October 2010 pursuant to Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the adequate protection of personal data in Andorra

Adequacy Decisions

Decision of 30 June 2003 pursuant to Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the adequate protection of personal data in Argentina

Adequacy Decisions

Decision of 20 December 2001 pursuant to Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the adequate protection of personal data provided by the Canadian Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act

Adequacy Decisions

Decision of 5 March 2010 pursuant to Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the adequate protection provided by the Faeroese Act on processing of personal data

Adequacy Decisions

Decision of 21 November 2003 on the adequate protection of personal data in Guernsey

Adequacy Decisions

Decision of 31 January 2011 pursuant to Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the adequate protection of personal data by the State of Israel with regard to automated processing of personal data

Adequacy Decisions

Decision of 28 April 2004 on the adequate protection of personal data in the Isle of Man

Adequacy Decisions

Decision (EU) 2019/419 of 23 January 2019 pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the adequate protection of personal data by Japan under the Act on the Protection of Personal Information

Adequacy Decisions

Decision of 8 May 2008 pursuant to Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the adequate protection of personal data in Jersey

Adequacy Decisions

Decision of 19 December 2012 pursuant to Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the adequate protection of personal data by New Zealand

Adequacy Decisions

Decision (EU) 2022/254 of 17 December 2021 pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the adequate protection of personal data by the Republic of Korea under the Personal Information Protection Act

Adequacy Decisions

Decision of 26 July 2000 pursuant to Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the adequate protection of personal data provided in Switzerland

Adequacy Decisions

Decision (EU) 2021/1772 of 28 June 2021 pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the adequate protection of personal data by the United Kingdom (notified under document C(2021)4800)

Adequacy Decisions

Decision (EU) 2021/1773 of 28 June 2021 pursuant to Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the adequate protection of personal data by the United Kingdom

Adequacy Decisions

Decision EU 2023/1795 of 10 July 2023 pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the adequate level of protection of personal data under the EU-US Data Privacy Framework

Adequacy Decisions

Decision pursuant to Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the adequate protection of personal data by the Eastern Republic of Uruguay with regard to automated processing of personal data

Adequacy Decisions

Decision pursuant to Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the adequate protection of personal data by the Eastern Republic of Uruguay with regard to automated processing of personal data

Adequacy Decisions

Decision pursuant to Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the adequate protection of personal data by the Eastern Republic of Uruguay with regard to automated processing of personal data

Adequacy Decisions

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) by Consumer Financial Protection Bureau WASHINGTON, D.C

Finance and Fintech

Slovenian SA Decision 0603-42/2023/12 against Dodo Pizza

CCTV, Lawfulness of Processing, Legitimate Interest

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-ALTERNATIVA CORELLANA INDEPENDIENTE (6/26/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Vodafone España, S.A.U. (7/18/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (4/15/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-BEST ELAN ONLINE SRL (8/6/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-CONSULTORÍA PERITACIONES ALMERIENSES, S.L (4/19/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-CLÍNICA PARÍS, S.L. (2024-03-021)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-TELEFÓNICA DE ESPAÑA, S.A.U. (2/23/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Austrian Data Protection Authority (dsb)-Website operator (1/4/2024)

Administratives Measures, Data Subjects Rights, Liability and Remedies, Right to Erasure

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-WATIUM S.L. (5/22/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-CORPORACIÓN DUAL GRUPO LC, S.L. (3/15/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-DENTAL REY-GAR, S.L. (3/7/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (2/19/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (2/19/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-20 MINUTOS EDITORA, S.L. (3/25/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (11/20/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-ATLAS ENTERTAINMENT, S.L. (1/11/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Municipality of Salento (1/24/2024)

Administratives Measures, Data Subjects Rights, Liability and Remedies

Polish National Personal Data Protection Office (UODO)-Company (12/30/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies, Principles, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-LEADDESK, S.L (11/17/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (11/20/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Sectorul 1 al Municipiului București (1/30/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies, Principles, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-ALBEN AIRPORT FACILITIES S.L. (10/11/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Polish National Personal Data Protection Office (UODO)-Unknown (11/16/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies, Principles, Sensitive Data

Polish National Personal Data Protection Office (UODO)-Unknown (8/30/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies, Principles, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-UPMOBILE SOLUTIONS, S.L. (10/26/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Private individual (12/15/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies, Principles, Sensitive Data

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Libra Internet Bank SA (11/20/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-TRACTAMENT D’AIGUES TEIA, S.L. (11/13/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Homeowners Association (10/27/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (11/6/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-UAT Comuna Albeni (9/25/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies, Principles, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-ADENET SYSTEMS, S.L. (8/11/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-RING RING CLIN S.L. (8/11/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-MULTIGAS ASESORES S.L. (8/28/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-QUALITY-PROVIDER S.A. (8/1/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Polish National Personal Data Protection Office (UODO)-Company (6/21/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies, Principles, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Birou Gas, S.L. (7/12/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-TRC TRUCKS 2020, S.L. (6/27/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-PUNTO ROJO LIBROS, S.L. (6/29/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Data State Inspectorate (DSI)-Unknown (7/14/1905)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Data State Inspectorate (DSI)-Unknown (7/14/1905)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Unknown (6/14/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-LEADDESK, S.L (6/7/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (5/25/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-NORDETIA CLINICS IBERIA, S.L. (5/24/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-WILLOUGHBY COLLEGE, S.A (5/17/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-S.C. Apollo Salon S.R.L. (6/6/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Austrian Data Protection Authority (dsb)-Operator of a public toilet (8/23/2022)

Lawfulness of Processing, Legitimate Interest, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-SECURITAS DIREC ESPAÑA, S.A. (4/21/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-INMARAN ASESORES S.L. (3/24/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Deputy Data Protection Ombudsman-Suomen Asiakastieto Oy (2/17/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Polish National Personal Data Protection Office (UODO)-Unknown (Unknown)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Homeowners Association (12/28/2022)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Public Interests

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-ADENET SYSTEMS, S.L. (12/29/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-EDITORIAL RIBADEO S.L. (1/13/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-ALPA 57 PRODUCCIONES, S.L. (11/25/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-SC Das Sense Society SRL (11/9/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Homeowners Association Bld. Pipera 1-2E (11/18/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-SC Materiale Constructii Online SRL (10/18/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Company (10/9/2022)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Public Interests

Norwegian Supervisory Authority (Datatilsynet)-Recover AS (8/25/2022)

Lawfulness of Processing, Public Interests

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-E Software Concept SRL (7/7/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (7/19/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Norwegian Supervisory Authority (Datatilsynet)-Arbeidstilsynet (5/16/2022)

Lawfulness of Processing, Public Interests

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Istituto Nazionale Assicurazione Infortuni sul Lavoro (4/28/2022)

Lawfulness of Processing, Principles, Public Interests, Sensitive Data

Deputy Data Protection Ombudsman-Telemarketing company (4/29/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Hungarian National Authority for Data Protection and the Freedom of Information (NAIH)-Workshop (3/29/2022)

Legitimate Interest, Principles, Purpose limitation, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-RAMONA FILMS, S.L. (5/17/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Alfa Shipyard s.r.l. (3/10/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Megareduceri TV S.R.L. (5/3/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-FLORAQUEEN FLOWERING THE WORLD S.L. (4/18/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-DOOR2DOOR SPAIN, S.L. (4/19/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Property owners’ association (4/7/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies, Principles, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-MALAGATROM, S.L.U. (2/22/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Data Protection Authority of Hamburg-Clearview AI Inc. (7/12/1905)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Norwegian Supervisory Authority (Datatilsynet)-Elektro & Automasjon Systemer AS (12/13/2021)

Lawfulness of Processing, Legitimate Interest

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-SC Nobiotic Pharma SRL (12/13/2021)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-FUENSANTA S.L. (11/23/2021)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-MERCEDES GERENCIA, S.L. (10/25/2021)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-AD735 DATA MEDIA ADVERTISING S.L. (11/12/2021)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Caixabank S.A. (7/8/2021)

Lawfulness of Processing, Legitimate Interest

Data Protection Authority of Bavaria-Unknown (7/12/1905)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Data Protection Authority of Sweden (Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten)-Storstockholms Lokaltrafik (6/21/2021)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Legitimate Interest, Principles, Sensitive Data

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Owners Association of Iasi Municipality (5/19/2021)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies, Principles, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Vodafone España, S.A.U. (5/26/2021)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Equifax Iberica S.L. (3/10/2021)

Lawfulness of Processing, Legitimate Interest

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Natural person holding the position of General Secretary for a political party in Bucharest (3/4/2021)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Xfera Moviles S.A. (2/1/2021)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-S.C. C&V Water Control S.A. (12/22/2020)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies, Principles, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Anmavas 61, S.L. (11/18/2020)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Globus Score SRL (10/20/2020)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Iberia Lae SA Operadora Unipersonal (7/20/2020)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Xfera Moviles S.A. (7/23/2020)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Iberdrola Clientes (6/4/2020)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-SOS Infertility Association (3/25/2020)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Xfera Moviles S.A. (3/25/2020)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Telefónica (3/18/2020)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Vodafone España, S.A.U. (1/9/2020)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Globus Score SRL (12/16/2019)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Modern Barber (11/26/2019)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Nicola Medical Team 17 SRL (12/2/2019)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

The State Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information of Baden-Württemberg discussion paper on “Legal Foundations in Data Protection for the Use of AI”

AI, Lawfulness of Processing, Legitimate Interest, Specific processing situations

Case C‑621/22 CJEU

Lawfulness of Processing, Legitimate Interest, Marketing and Advertising, Specific processing situations

Guidelines 1/2024 on processing of personal data based on Article 6(1)(f) GDPR by EDPB

Lawfulness of Processing, Legitimate Interest

Statement 2/2024 on the financial data access and payments package by EDPB

Finance and Fintech

Recommendations 01/2021 on the adequacy referential under the Law Enforcement Directive |EPDB

Adequacy Decisions, Data Transfers

Opinion 04/2024 on the notion of main establishment of a controller in the Union under Article 4(16)(a) GDPR |EPDB

Definitions, Main Establishment

Recommendations 02/2020 on the European Essential Guarantees for surveillance measures

CCTV, Lawfulness of Processing, Legitimate Interest, Specific processing situations

Report on the first review of the functioning of the adequacy decisions adopted pursuant to Article 25(6) of Directive 95/46/EC

Adequacy Decisions, Data Transfers

Processing Personal Data on the Basis of Legitimate Interests under the GDPR by FPF

Lawfulness of Processing, Legitimate Interest

GUIDELINES ON LEGITIMATE INTEREST by the NPC of the Republic of Philippines

Lawfulness of Processing, Legitimate Interest

GDPR guidance: Legitimate Inerersts Assessments (LIA) for Digital Advertising

Lawfulness of Processing, Legitimate Interest, Marketing and Advertising, Specific processing situations

C-460/20

Data Subjects Rights, Right to Erasure, Search Engines, Specific processing situations

C-597/19

Lawfulness of Processing, Legitimate Interest

C-708/18

CCTV, Lawfulness of Processing, Legitimate Interest, Specific processing situations

C-439/19

Criminal Convictions and Offences, Lawfulness of Processing, Principles, Public Interests

C-496/17

Lawfulness of Processing, Public Interests

C-136/17

Data Subjects Rights, Principles, Right to Erasure, Search Engines, Sensitive Data, Specific processing situations

C-180/21

Criminal Convictions and Offences, Lawfulness of Processing, Principles, Public Interests

C-306/21

Lawfulness of Processing, Public Interests

UNESCO: Consultation paper on AI Regulation

AI, Lawfulness of Processing, Public Interests, Specific processing situations

Relying on the legal basis of legitimate interests to develop an AI system by CNIL

Lawfulness of Processing, Legitimate Interest

Information note by EDPB on data transfers under the GDPR to the United States after the adoption of the adequacy decision on 10 July 2023

Adequacy Decisions, Data Transfers

Opinion 14/2021 regarding the European Commission Draft Implementing Decision pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 on the adequate protection of personal data in the United Kingdom |EPDB

Adequacy Decisions, Data Transfers

Opinion 15/2021 regarding the European Commission Draft Implementing Decision pursuant to Directive (EU) 2016/680 on the adequate protection of personal data in the United Kingdom |EDPB

Adequacy Decisions, Data Transfers

Opinion 32/2021 regarding the European Commission Draft Implementing Decision pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 on the adequate protection of personal data in the Republic of Korea |EDPB

Adequacy Decisions, Data Transfers

Information Note by EDPB on the redress mechanism for EU/EEA individuals in relation to alleged violations of U.S. law with respect to their data collected by U.S authorities competent for national security

Adequacy Decisions, Data Transfers

EU-US Data Privacy Framework Template Complaint Form for Submitting Commercial Related Complaints to EU DPAs by EDPB

Adequacy Decisions, Data Transfers

Opinion 32/2021 regarding the European Commission Draft Implementing Decision pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 on the adequate protection of personal data in the Republic of Korea |EPDB

Adequacy Decisions, Data Transfers

Opinion 5/2023 on the European Commission Draft Implementing Decision on the adequate protection of personal data under the EU-US Data Privacy Framework |EPDB

Adequacy Decisions, Data Transfers

Opinion on legitimate interests of the data controller (Opinion 06/2014)

Legitimate Interest

Google Spain SL and Google Inc. v. Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD) and Mario Costeja González [2014] Case C-131/12

Search Engines

CNIL and others v Google Case C 136/17

Search Engines, Specific processing situations

Google v CNIL Case C 507/17

Search Engines

Weltimmo s.r.o. v. Nemzeti Adatvédelmi és Információszabadság Hatóság [2015] Case C-230/14, 1 October 2015

Main Establishment

COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 10.7.2023 pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the adequate level of protection of personal data under the EU-US Data Privacy Framework

Adequacy Decisions, Data Transfers

CIPL Examples of Legitimate Interest Grounds for Processing of Personal Data [PDF] [Official Guidelines]

Lawfulness of Processing, Legitimate Interest

Statement 2/2024 on the financial data access and payments package bg EDPB

Finance and Fintech

Rules of Procedure by EDPB on the cooperation and respective roles of national SAs and the EDPB Secretariat regarding the submission of complaints in the redress mechanism available to EU individuals in relation to alleged violations of U.S law with respect to their data collected by U.S. authorities competent for national security

Adequacy Decisions, Data Transfers, Risk Management

Rules of Procedure for the “Informal Panel of EU DPAs”according to the EU-US Data Privacy Framework by EDPB

Adequacy Decisions, Data Transfers

Template Complaint Form to the U.S. Office of the Director of National Intelligence’s Civil Liberties Protection Officer (CLPO) by EDPB

Adequacy Decisions, Data Transfers

Salvatore Manni Case C 398/15

Data Retention, Legitimate Interest, Storage limitation

A Guide to Lawful Basis | UK ICO

Consent, Lawfulness of Processing, Legal Obligation, Legitimate Interest, Performance of Contract, Public Interests, Vital Interests